Most major style guides (including APA, MLA, the Chicago Manual of Style, and Harvard) do not require et al. But if you're ending a sentence with et al., you don't need an additional period. When you use other punctuation with et al., like a comma, it goes after the period. Here are a few common misspellings of et al.: So et al., which is similar, always takes a period at the end too. "Etc." abbreviates et cetera, meaning "and the rest," and it always requires a period at the end. Remember, "et al." is the only correct way to type this phrase.Ī trick for remembering to include the period after "al" is to think of another common abbreviation, "etc." It's a full word in Latin, meaning "and." There is no period after "et" because "et" isn't an abbreviation. should go at the end of "al" because "al" is an abbreviation for "alia," meaning "others." can simplify that citation throughout your paper. For example, if you're citing the same group over and over, using et al. is also used to simplify subsequent references to groups of coauthors that have already been cited in full.
It lets the reader know that other authors have contributed to the work you're citing, without you having to list every author.Įt al. is used to simplify citations within your text or reference list. (2012) published groundbreaking research," which means that Horowitz and others published the research.
in the references, in-text citations, and reference lists of academic texts.įor example, you might see the phrase, "Horowitz et al. The phrase "et al." is derived from the Latin phrase "et alia," which means "and others." You are likely to encounter et al. That way, you'll know exactly what you're saying when you use the term. in every format, so you never get stuck.īefore we get into the nitty-gritty details, it helps to first understand the literal definition of et al. Read on for a simplified breakdown of how to use et al. changes depending on what style guide you're using. Things get even more complex when you realize that the placement of et al. This Latin phrase is commonly used in academic writing and can be confused with other Latin phrases like "etc." Have you ever come across "et al." and wondered what it meant? Or how to use it?
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